Basics of Data Base Management System

An overview of database management system, database system vs file system, database system concepts and architecture, views of data – levels of abstraction, data models, schema and instances, data independence, database languages and interfaces, data definition languages, DML, overall database structure, transaction management, storage management, database users and administrator. Data Modeling using the Entity Relationship Model: ER model concepts, notation for ER diagram, mapping constraints, keys, concepts of super key, candidate key, primary key, generalization, aggregation, reduction of an ER diagrams to tables, extended ER model, relationships of higher degree.

Introduction to relational database, relational database structure, relational model terminology – domains, attributes, tuples, relations & relational database schema, integrity constraints, entity integrity, referential integrity, keys constraints, domain constraints, Relational algebra - relational calculus, tuple and domain calculus, basic operations – selection and projection, set-theoretic operations, join operations. Data Base Design & Normalization: Functional dependencies, normal forms, first, second, & third normal forms, BCNF, inclusion dependence, loss less join decompositions, normalization using FD, MVD, and JDs, alternative approaches to database design

Basics of SQL, DDL, DML, DCL, advantage of SQL, SQL data type and literals, types of SQL commands, SQL operators and their procedure, tables – creation & alteration, defining constraints, views and indexes, queries and sub queries, aggregate functions, built-in functions, insert, update and delete operations, joins, unions, intersection, minus, transaction control commands. PL/SQL: Introduction, features, syntax and constructs, SQL within Pl/SL, DML in PL/SQL Cursors, stored procedures, stored function, database triggers, indices

Transaction concepts, properties of transaction, testing of serializability, Serializability of schedules, conflict & view serializable schedule, recoverability, recovery from transaction failures, two-phase commit protocol, log based recovery, checkpoints, deadlock handling. Concurrency Control Techniques: Concurrency control, locking techniques for concurrency control, time stamping protocols for concurrency control, validation based protocol, multiple granularity, multi-version schemes, recovery with concurrent transaction.

Database Security – Types of security, system failure, backup & recovery techniques, authorization & authentication, system policies, levels of security – physical, OS, network & DBMS, privileges – grant & revoke. Recent Trends in Database Management Systems: Centralized and Client-Server Architectures, Distributed Databases, Object-Oriented Database, Spatial & Temporal Databases, Decision Support Systems, Data Analysis, Data Mining & Warehousing, Data Visualization, Mobile Databases, OODB & XML Databases, Multimedia & Web Databases, Spatial and Geographical Databases, Web and Mobile Databases, Active Databases