International Trade and Sustainability

Introduction to international trade: concepts and importance; World Trade Organization (WTO): structure, functions, and role; Implications of WTO for Indian economy in general and agriculture in particular; Overview of global trade environment and challenges for agribusiness

Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS); Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS); Quotas, anti-dumping duties, quantitative and qualitative restrictions; Tariff and non-tariff measures, trade liberalization; Subsidies, green box and red box measures under WTO; Future negotiation issues at WTO; Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and carbon trading relevance to agribusiness sustainability.

Importance of foreign trade for developing economies; Concepts of absolute and comparative advantage; Overview of India’s foreign trade with special focus on agriculture and agribusiness; Emerging trends and challenges in global agribusiness trade

Composition and features of India’s foreign trade policy; India’s balance of payments and its impact on trade; Inter-regional vs. international trade; Tariffs, trade controls, and exchange rate mechanisms; Foreign trade multiplier and its significance in economic growth; Foreign demand and supply side analysis in agribusiness trade; Opportunity cost and implications for developing countries; Trade and factor price relationships; Market entry methods for global agribusiness markets.

Export-import documentation and procedures: commercial invoice, bill of lading, packing list, certificate of origin, phytosanitary certificate, export/import license, letter of credit, insurance certificate, customs declaration, inspection certificate, consular invoice; Role of government and trade facilitation bodies; Logistics and supply chain management including cold chain and transportation; Marketing strategies for sustainable global agribusiness markets.