Industrial Measuring Instruments

Generalized configurations, functional descriptions and performance characteristics of measuring instruments: General concepts and terminology of measurement systems, transducer classification, general input-output configuration, static and dynamic characteristics of a measurement system, Statistical analysis of measurement data. Standards and Calibration. Displacement measurement: Resistive potentiometers, Digital displacement transducers, Mechanical fly ball angular velocity sensor, Mechanical revolution counters and timers, stroboscopic method

Standards & calibration; basic methods of force measurement; Characteristics of elastic force transducer-Bonded strain gauge, differential transformer, Piezo electric transducer. Units of pressure; dead weight gauges & manometer and its types, Bellows and force balance type sensors, Bourden guage, Piezoelectric, Capacitive and Inductive Pressure pickups.

Differential pressure flowmeters: Bernoulli’s theorem: pitot tube, orifice, venturi, flow nozzle, Hot wire and hot film anemometers, variable area meters (rotameter), meters, Electromagnetic flowmeters, Ultrasonic flowmeters, Drag force flow meter, Vortex shedding flow meters. Measurement of level, Float type gauge, purge method, differential pressure method, conductive and capacitive method; electromechanical method.

Standards and calibration, thermal expansion methods, bimetallic thermometer, thermocouple, reference junction considerations, special materials, configuration & techniques, Measurement of thermocouple output, Electrical resistance sensors and thermistors, Radiation thermometers.

Viscosity, Density and Vacuum: Measurement of Viscosity: Definitions, units, Newtonian and Newtonian behaviour, measurement of viscosity using laboratory viscometers, industrial viscometers. Viscometer selection and application. Measurement of Density: Definitions, units, liquid density measurement, gas densitometers, its application and selection, Measurement of Vacuum: Mcleod gauge, Pirani gauge, Knudsen gauge and Ionization gauge