Power Quality and FACTS

Terms and definitions of transients, Long duration Voltage Variations: under Voltage, Under Voltage and Sustained Interruptions; Short Duration Voltage Variations: interruption, Sag, Swell; Voltage Imbalance; Notching D C offset, waveform distortion; voltage fluctuation; power frequency variations.

Sources of voltage sag: motor starting, arc furnace, fault clearing etc; estimating voltage sag performance and principle of its protection; solutions at end user level- Isolation Transformer, Voltage Regulator, Static UPS, Rotary UPS, and Active Series Compensator.

Sources of Transient Over voltages- Atmospheric and switching transients- motor starting transients, pf correction capacitor switching transients, ups switching transients, neutral voltage swing etc; devices for over voltage protection.

Introduction – Terms & Definition, Fact Controllers, Type of FACT devices i.e. SSC, SVC, TSC, SSSC, TCSC, UPFC Basic relationship for power flow control.

Causes of harmonics; current and voltage harmonics: measurement of harmonics; effects of harmonics on – Transformers, AC Motors, Capacitor Banks, Cables, and Communication Lines etc., Harmonic Mitigation Techniques.