Process Dynamics & Control

Needs & control aspects of a chemical plant: stirred tank heater, flow in tank, control of heat exchanger, distillation column and reactor, SISO and MIMO control., Introduction to mathematical modeling: State variables and state equations, deviation variables, Measurement Techniques and Instruments for level, flow, temperature and pressure measurements; dead time, modeling with dead time, multivariable system, linearization of nonlinear systems.

Laplace transform of step, impulse , pulse ,ramp, trigonometric functions, derivative and integral functions, initial value theorem, Final value theorem, Dirac delta functions, Inverse Laplace transform, Inversion by partial fraction, solution of linear differential equation using Laplace transform, transfer function and input–output model, Poles & zeros of system.

First Order System, physical examples of first order systems, Dynamic behavior of first order system: Time constant, steady state gain, response of the system, first order system in series Dynamic behaviors of second order system: study of interacting & non-interacting responses, inverse response, multi-capacity process, over-damped, critically damped, under-damped responses and their characteristics, overshoot, decay ratio, period of oscillation, rise time, ultimate period, delay time, transportaion lag.

Components of a Control System (Sensors, Controllers, Actuators), Types of Control Systems: Open Loop vs. Closed Loop, Basic Control System Configuration. Block diagram and Development of block diagram. Feedback control system: Basics of feedback control system, Types (Negative and Positive Feedback systems), Types of controllers: On-Off, P, PI, PID controllers (Principle, Transfer function, Mathematical Representation, Characteristics and example). Block diagram reduction to solve feedback loop, Transmission lines, final control elements, Control valves and their characteristics.

Stability Criteria (Definition of Stability in Control Systems, Characteristic Equation and Stability Analysis), Servo and regulatory problems. Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criterion (Bode Plot: Magnitude and Phase Response, Bode Stability Criteria: Gain Margin and Phase Margin), Nyquist Stability Criterion, Gain Margin and Phase Margin (Definition, Calculation, and Interpretation. Design of controllers: Simple performance criteria, Time Integral performance criteria, Ziegler Nichols tuning technique, Cohen – coon tuning technique. Introduction to advance control strategies: ratio, cascade, feed forward, override and valve B. TECH. III YEAR V SEMESTER CHEMICAL ENGINEERING