Petroleum Refining Technology

Introduction Petroleum Exploration: Production and Refining of Crude oils, Crude oils: Chemistry and composition (Characteristics and constituents of crude oils, classification of crude oils)

Thermal Conversion Process and Petroleum Products Crude Oil Distillation Desalting of crude oils, Atmospheric distillation of crude oil, Vacuum distillation of atmospheric residue. Composition, Properties & Specification of LPG, Naphthas, motor spirit, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine Fuels, Diesel Fuels, Fuel Oils, Petroleum Hydrocarbon Solvents, Lubricating oils (automotive engine oils, industrial lubricating oils electrical insulating oils, Jute Batching oils, white oils, steam turbine oils, metalworking oils, etc.) Petroleum Waxes Bitumen's, Petroleum coke. Thermal Conversion Process, Thermal Cracking Reactions, Thermal Cracking, Visbreaking, (Conventional Visbreaking and Soaker Visbreaking) Coking (Delayed Coking, Fluid Coking, Flexicoking), Calcination of Green Coke.

Catalytic Conversion Process Fluid catalytic cracking; Catalytic reforming; Hydrocracking catalytic Alkylation, Catalytic Isomerization; Catalytic Polymerization. Finishing Process Hydrogen sulfide removal processes; Sulphur conversion processes; Sweetening processes (Caustic treatment, Solutizer process; Doctor treating process; Copper chloride sweetening,; Hypochlorite sweetening; Air and inhibitor treating process; Merox processes; Sulphuric acid treatment; Clay treatment); Solvent extraction processes (Edeleanu process, Udex process, Sulfolane process), Hydrotreating processes.

Quality Control of Petroleum Products Classification of laboratory tests, distillation, vapour pressure, flash and fire points, octane number, performance number, cetane number, aniline point, viscosity index, calorific value, smoke point, char value, viscosity, viscosity index, penetration tests, cloud and pour points, drop point of grease, melting and settling points of wax, softening point of Bitumen, induction period of gasoline, the thermal stability of jet fuels, gum content, Total Sulphur, Acidity and Alkalinity, Copper Strip Corrosion Test, Silver – Strip Corrosion Test for ATF, Ash, Carbon Residue (Conradson method, Ramsbottom method) Colour, Density and Specific gravity, Refractive index of hydrocarbon liquids.

Lube Oil Manufacturing Process Evaluation of crude oils for lube oil base stocks, Vacuum distillation, Solvent deasphalting Solvent extraction of lube oil fractions (Furfural, NMP and Phenol), Solvent dewaxing, Hydrofinshing, Manufacture of petroleum waxes (Wax sweating, Solvent deoiling) Manufacture of Bitumen's Selection of crude oil, Methods of manufacture of bitumens, (Distillation, Solvent precipitation, Air blowing). Total