Genetic Engineering

Manipulation of DNA – Restriction and Modification enzymes, Design of linkers and adaptors. Characteristics of cloning and expression vectors based on plasmid and bacteriophage, Vectors for yeast, insect and mammalian systems, Prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression host systems, Tissue specific promoter, wound inducible promoters, Strong and regulatable promoters, promoter analysis (EMSA and DNA foot printing); Introduction of recombinant DNA in to host cells and selection methods.

Construction of genomic and cDNA libraries, Artificial chromosomes – BACs and YACs, Chromosome walking, Screening of DNA libraries using nucleic acid probes and antisera., strain improvement of industrially important organisms, CRISPER / Cas system of gene editing.

Maxam Gilbert’s and Sanger Coulson’s and automated methods of DNA sequencing, Inverse PCR, Nested PCR, AFLP-PCR, Allele specific PCR, Assembly PCR, Asymmetric PCR, Hot start PCR, Colony PCR, single cell PCR, Real-time PCR/qPCR – SYBR green assay, TaqMan assay, Molecular beacons, Applications of PCR; Site directed mutagenesis.; molecular markers (RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, SNP)

Applications of genetic engineering; cloning of sheep (Dolly) & other mammals; applications in conservation; therapeutic vs. reproductive cloning; ethical issues and the prospects for human cloning; Gene therapy; DNA drugs and vaccines.

Basic concepts of cell signaling, Extracellular signal molecule and their receptors, Operation of Signaling molecules over various distances, Cellular response to specific combinations of extracellular signal molecules; Nuclear receptor; Ion channel linked, G-protein mediated receptors, Relay of signal by activated cell surface receptors via intracellular signaling proteins, Intracellular Signaling proteins as molecular switches. B.Tech. (Biotechnology) 3rd Year Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow