Vehicle Dynamics, Emission and Control

Performance Characteristics of Road Vehicles: Steady State Operation: Various external forces acting on vehicle, Nature of the forces and factors affecting the forces, Tractive effort &Power available from the engine, Equation of motion, Maximum tractive effort, Weight distribution, Stability of vehicle on slope, Road performance curves, Acceleration, Gradability & Drawbar Pull. Transient Operation: Inertia effect, Equivalent mass, Equivalent moment of inertia, Equivalent ungeared system, Time to produce synchronizing during gear change, Effect of engine flywheel on acceleration, Dynamics of vehicles on Banked tracks, Gyroscopic Effects, Net driving power.

Handling Characteristics: Low speed cornering, High speed cornering, Cornering equations, Understeer gradient, Static margin, Suspension effects on cornering, Experimental measurements of understeer gradient. Ride Characteristics: Ride dynamic system, Excitation sources, Vehicle suspension properties, Suspension isolation, Suspension stiffness, Suspension damping, Suspension non linearities, Active control, Wheel hop resonances, Rigid body bounce/pitch motions, bounce/pitch frequencies, Olley criterion, dynamic index.

Concept of Vibration: Definitions, Modelling and Simulation, Global and Vehicle Coordinate System, Free, Forced, Undamped and Damped Vibration, Response Analysis of Single DOF, Two DOF, Multi DOF, Magnification factor, Transmissibility, Vibration absorber, Vibration measuring instruments.

SI engine Combustion and Pollutant Formation: Chemistry of SI engine Combustion, HC and CO formation in 4 stroke and 2 stroke SI engines, NO formation in SI Engines, Effect of operating variables on emission formation. CI engine Combustion and Emissions: Basic of diesel combustion-Smoke emission in diesel engines-Particulate emission in diesel engines, Colour and aldehyde emissions from diesel engines, Effect of operating variables on emission formation.

Control Techniques for SI and CI: Design changes, optimization of operating factors, exhaust gas re-circulation, fumigation, air injector PCV system-Exhaust treatment in SI engines-Thermal Reactors-Catalytic converters, Catalysts, Use of unleaded petrol. Emission Measurement, Test procedures & regulations: Test cycles for light & medium duty vehicles, test procedure for evaporative emissions, Emission standards for light and heavy-duty vehicles & motor cycle emission standard. NDIR analysers, FID, Chemiluminescence, NOx analyser, oxygen analyser, smoke measurement, constant volume sampling, and particulate emission measurement.