Thermodynamics, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Thermodynamics properties, closed and open system, flow and non-flow processes, gas laws, laws of thermodynamics, internal energy. Application of first law in heating and expansion of gases in non-flow processes. First law applied to steady flow process. Carnot cycle, Carnot theorem.

Entropy, physical concept of entropy, change of entropy of gases in thermodynamics process. Otto, diesel and dual cycles. Principles of refrigeration, - units, terminology, and air refrigerators working on reverse Carnot cycle and Bell Coleman cycle, open air refrigeration cycle, merit demerit of air refrigeration. Vapour refrigeration-mechanism, P-V, P-S, P-H diagrams, vapour compression cycles, dry and wet compression, super cooling and sub cooling.

Vapour absorption refrigeration system. Common refrigerants and their properties. Design calculations for refrigeration system. Cold storage plants. Thermodynamic properties of moist air, perfect gas relationship for approximate calculation, adiabatic saturation process, wet bulb temperature and its measurement.

Psychometric chart and its use, elementary psychometric process. Air conditioning – principles –Type and functions of air conditioning, physiological principles in air conditioning, air distribution and duct design methods. Fundamentals of design of complete air conditioning systems – humidifiers and dehumidifiers – cooling load calculations, types of air conditioners – applications,

Food preservation, Domestic refrigerators, commercial refrigerators, method of Food freezing. Study of cold storage for fruits and vegetable, freezing load and time calculations for food materials, study of window air conditioners repair and maintenance of refrigeration and air conditioning systems and chilling or ice making and cold storage plants.