Remote Sensing and GIS

Basic component of remote sensing (RS), advantages and limitations of RS, possible use of RS techniques in assessment and monitoring of land and water resources; electromagnetic spectrum, energy interactions in the atmosphere and with the Earth’s surface; major atmospheric windows.

Principal applications of different wavelength regions; typical spectral reflectance curve for vegetation, soil and water; spectral signatures; different types of sensors and platforms; contrast ratio and possible causes of low contrast.

Aerial photography; types of aerial photographs, scale of aerial photographs. Planning aerial photography-end lap and side lap; stereoscopic vision, requirements of stereoscopic photographs; air-photo interpretation-interpretation elements; photogrammetry- measurements on a single vertical aerial photograph, measurements on a stereo-pair- vertical measurements by the parallax method.

Ground control for aerial photography; satellite remote sensing, multispectral scanner- whiskbroom and push-broom scanner; different types of resolutions; analysis of digital data- image restoration; image enhancement; information extraction, image classification, unsupervised classification, supervised classification, important consideration in the identification of training areas, vegetation indices; microwave remote sensing.

GIS and basic components, different sources of spatial data, basic spatial entities, major components of spatial data, Basic classes of map projections and their properties, Methods of data input into GIS, Data editing, spatial data models and structures, Attribute data management, integrating data (map overlay) in GIS, Application of remote sensing and GIS for the management of land and water resources.