UNIQUE SERIES AKTU Syllabus
AEC101CAEC201C

Fundamentals of Electronics Engineering

L-T-P2-1-0 Credits3 Session2026-27 TypeTheory
Appears in 6 semesters · 3 branches

B.Tech Biotechnology · Sem 1 (Electrical / Electronics Engineering, code AEC101C) · B.Tech Biotechnology · Sem 2 (Electrical / Electronics Engineering, code AEC201C) · B.Tech Bioinformatics · Sem 1 (Electrical / Electronics Engineering, code AEC101C) · B.Tech Bioinformatics · Sem 2 (Electrical / Electronics Engineering, code AEC201C) · B.Tech Agricultural Engineering · Sem 1 (Electrical / Electronics Engineering, code AEC101C) · B.Tech Agricultural Engineering · Sem 2 (Electrical / Electronics Engineering, code AEC201C)

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Syllabus

5 units · weightage in %
Unit1

Unit 1: Diodes, Power Supply, and LED Circuits

20%

p-n junction diode — forward and reverse bias; diode as rectifier; half-wave and full-wave bridge rectifier; filter capacitor; Zener diode — voltage regulator; LED — working and current-limiting resistor; photodiode and phototransistor (what they do); applications: DC regulated supply for biomedical instruments (pH meter, glucometer), LED indicator in diagnostic equipment, photodetector in pulse oximeter (SpO2), light sensor in greenhouse monitoring

Unit2

Unit 2: Transistors and Simple Switching Circuits

20%

Construction & VI characteristics of BJT, NPN BJT — basic concept; transistor in saturation (switch ON) and cut-off (switch OFF); transistor driving a relay or solenoid; Introduction to FETs, MOSFET as a switch (simple idea); optocoupler — isolation concept; applications: relay-driven solenoid valve in drip irrigation, transistor switching buzzer/alarm in biomedical device, MOSFET in solar charge controller switch, optocoupler in ECG isolation circuit (patient safety concept)

Unit3

Unit 3: Sensors, Biosensors, and Signal Conditioning

20%

Sensors for BT/AG — temperature (thermistor, thermocouple, DS18B20), humidity (capacitive), pH electrode, dissolved oxygen sensor, soil moisture sensor (resistive and capacitive), light sensor (LDR, photodiode); Wheatstone bridge for resistive sensor measurement; op-amp as non-inverting amplifier — why small sensor signals must be amplified; op-amp as comparator — threshold alarm circuit; biopotential signals — ECG, EMG concept (mV level signals, need amplification and filtering); applications: temperature and pH monitoring in fermenter, soil NPK sensor, ECG front-end amplifier concept

Unit4

Unit 4: Digital Basics and Microcontroller in BT/AG

20%

Digital signals vs analog signals; basic logic gates — AND, OR, NOT (truth table, simple application); ADC concept — sensor analog output → digital value read by microcontroller; microcontroller overview (Arduino concept) — analog input pin reads sensor, digital output controls actuator; display — LCD and 7-segment; data logging concept — storing sensor readings for analysis; applications: Arduino reading soil moisture sensor and turning on irrigation pump, digital thermometer, pH display in fermentation monitoring, pulse oximeter display

Unit5

Unit 5

20%

Biomedical and Agri Electronics — Emerging Applications: Biomedical instruments overview — ECG machine block diagram (electrodes → amplifier → ADC → display), pulse oximeter (LED + photodiode + processing), glucometer (biosensor + ADC + display), portable ultrasound (concept); agri-electronics — solar charge controller electronics (block diagram), IoT soil sensor node (sensor + microcontroller + Wi-Fi module + cloud), drone electronics overview (ESC, BLDC, GPS module concept); wearable health monitors; precision agriculture electronics — automated irrigation controller, smart greenhouse system

Course Objectives5 points
  • Understand diode and transistor basics and their role in biomedical and agri electronic circuits
  • Understand how biosensors, environmental sensors, and agri sensors generate electrical signals
  • Use op-amp circuits to amplify and condition small sensor signals
  • Understand digital basics and microcontroller use in biomedical instruments and agri-automation
  • Relate electronics to real applications — ECG machine, pH meter, glucometer, soil moisture IoT node, solar charge controller
Course Outcomes (COs)5 outcomes

After completion of the course student will be able to:

  1. CO1Explain diode and rectifier circuit operation and identify their role in biomedical and agri power suppliesK2
  2. CO2Explain transistor switching and apply it to relay-driven actuator circuits in BT/AG systemsK3
  3. CO3Select appropriate sensors and apply op-amp signal conditioning to BT/AG measurement problemsK3
  4. CO4Interpret digital logic and explain how a microcontroller reads sensors and controls actuatorsK2
  5. CO5Describe the electronics of key biomedical instruments and agri-IoT systems at block diagram levelK2

Suggested Textbooks / Reference Books

  1. Electronics: Fundamentals and Applications – D. Chattopadhyay and P.C. Rakshit
  2. Biomedical Instrumentation – R.S. Khandpur (TMH)
  3. Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology – J.J. Carr and J.M. Brown

Online Resources

  1. NPTEL – Basic Electronics, IIT Kharagpur
  2. NPTEL – Sensors and Actuators (relevant modules)
  3. Tinkercad Circuits – tinkercad.com (free Arduino + sensor simulation)

Additional References

  1. Relevant articles, datasheets, and resources on:
  2. Biosensors: Principles and Applications in Healthcare and Agriculture
  3. Precision Agriculture: IoT Sensor Nodes and Automated Irrigation
  4. Wearable Health Electronics: ECG, SpO2, and Fitness Trackers

Official AKTU syllabus

This subject is on page 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 of the original AKTU PDF.

Official AKTU syllabus PDF ↗