Calculus, Laplace Transform and Numerical Techniques

Ordinary and singular point, Series solution about an ordinary point, Solution of equation by Frobenius method to solve second order linear differential equations, formation of Indicial equation, Determination of indicial roots, cases of indicial roots: Distinct roots, equal roots, roots differ by an integer and not differ by an integer. Applications: Fluid mechanics, quantum mechanical wave equation, Heat transfer, Solving electromagnetic field equation.

Laplace Transform: Definition of Laplace Transform, Existence Conditions, Linearity Property, Laplace Transform of some standard functions, I and II Shifting theorems (without proof), Change of Scale Property, Laplace transform of derivatives and integrals, Periodic Functions, Unit Step Function, Inverse Laplace Transform, Partial Fraction Method, Convolution theorem (without proof), Application of Laplace transform to solve ordinary differential equation. Applications : Transfer Function Determination, Circuit Equations, Step Response.

Periodic function, even and odd function, Dirichlet’s Condition for the Existence of a Fourier Series, Fourier series expansion of a function in the interval c to c+2l, Change of Interval, Half Range Series: Half range sine and cosine series in the interval -l to l, Parseval’s Identity, Fourier Integral theorem, Fourier transform, Inverse Fourier Transform, Finite Fourier Sine and Cosine transform. Applications : Computer Graphics, Cyber Security, Digital Image Processing, Machine Learning Feature Extraction, Image compression.

Functions of Complex Variables, Limit Continuity and Differentiability, Analytic Function, Cauchy-Riemann Equations (Cartesian and Polar Form), Harmonic Function, Milne- Thomson Method, Complex integrals, Cauchy- Integral theorem (without proof), Cauchy integral formula (without proof), Taylor’s series and Laurent’s series, Singularities, Residue of a function, Cauchy Residue Theorem, Evaluating the Real definite integrals. Applications : Network Theory, Electromagnetic Waves, Transmission line.

Definition of a Sequence, Monotonic Sequence, Convergence and Divergent Sequence, Cauchy Sequence, Necessary Condition for Convergence, Tests of Convergence: Comparison Test, Ratio Test, Raabe’s Test, Logarithmic Test Applications: Discrete Time Signal Representation.